HORT 111 Theory 07: Sexual and asexual propagation: merits and limitations | लैंगिक-अलैंगिक प्रवर्धन:लाभ और सीमाएँ
HORT 111 • THEORY 07 • HINDI + ENGLISH
Sexual and asexual propagation: merits and limitations
लैंगिक-अलैंगिक प्रवर्धन:लाभ और सीमाएँ
B.Sc. Agriculture • Fundamentals of Horticulture
In this lecture / इस पाठ में
Sexual propagation | लैंगिक
English
Seed propagation can be economical, support large populations and generate variation useful in breeding. Seedlings often develop strong root systems and may be useful rootstocks. However, heterozygous fruit cultivars usually do not breed true from seed, juvenile periods can be long and sex expression or fruit quality may vary. Not every seedling is inferior; the issue is predictability for a named cultivar.
हिन्दी
बीज विधि किफायती,बड़ी संख्या,प्रजनन विविधता देती;seedling rootstock उपयोगी हो सकते हैं।पर विषमयुग्मजी फल किस्म बीज से true-to-type सामान्यतः नहीं;juvenility लंबी,लिंग/फल गुणवत्ता बदल सकती।हरseedling खराब नहीं,नामित किस्म की पूर्वानुमेयता मुद्दा है।
Asexual propagation | अलैंगिक
English
Vegetative propagation maintains selected genotypes and often shortens the juvenile phase when mature source material is used. It multiplies seedless or poorly seeding cultivars and enables rootstock–scion combinations. Limitations include skill, cost, lower multiplication in some methods, compatibility problems and transfer of systemic pathogens. Clonal does not mean immune to mutation or environmental variation.
हिन्दी
कायिक विधि चयनित genotype रखती,परिपक्व स्रोत सेjuvenility प्रायः घटती;बीजरहित/कम बीज किस्म,stock-scion संयोजन संभव।कौशल,लागत,कुछ मेंकम multiplication,compatibility,systemic रोग संचरण सीमाएँ।clone mutation/वातावरण से मुक्त नहीं।
Choosing a method | चयन
English
For breeding, variation may be desirable; for a commercial named cultivar, uniformity is often important. Rootstock selection can add adaptation but does not transform the scion into another species. Micropropagation may raise multiplication rates but needs genetic and health quality control. Use authenticated source material and records.
हिन्दी
प्रजनन में विविधता,commercial नामित किस्म में समानता उपयोगी।rootstock अनुकूलन दे सकता,scion को दूसरी species नहीं बनाता।micropropagation बढ़ोतरी दे सकता परgenetic-health जाँच चाहिए।प्रामाणिक स्रोत-record लें।
Comparison answer | तुलना उत्तर
English
Compare genetic outcome, bearing age, root system, multiplication, cost, disease risk and uses. Most grafted fruit trees still need suitable pollination, nutrition and crop management. Grafting is not sexual hybridization: stock and scion generally retain distinct genetic identities even though physiological signals move across the union.
हिन्दी
आनुवंशिक परिणाम,फलन उम्र,जड़,गुणन,लागत,रोग,उपयोग तुलना करें।grafted पेड़ को भीपरागण-पोषण-प्रबंधन चाहिए।grafting लैंगिक hybridization नहीं;stock-scion सामान्यतः अलगgenotype रखते,हालाँकि संकेत आदान-प्रदान होते हैं।
Worked application | अनुप्रयोग
Use seed to raise a selected rootstock and graft a verified cultivar when that system is appropriate.
उचित प्रणाली में चयनितrootstock बीज से,सत्यापितकिस्म graft से लें।
Self-check & exam revision | स्वयं जाँच
Try answering before opening the answer. / पहले स्वयं उत्तर दें।
Does grafting create a sexual hybrid? | संकर?
No. | नहीं।
Why use vegetative methods for a named heterozygous cultivar? | क्यों?
To retain its selected genotype more predictably. | चयनितgenotype बनाए रखने हेतु।
Exam answer plan: define the term, explain the mechanism, add a labelled diagram or calculation where relevant, state assumptions and limitations. / उत्तर क्रम: परिभाषा, क्रियाविधि, उपयुक्त चित्र/गणना, शर्तें और सीमाएँ।
