Introduction to Agrochemicals: Introduction to agrochemicals, types, and roles in agriculture, effects on the environment, soil, human and animal health. Merits and demerits of agrochemicals in agriculture, Management of agrochemicals for sustainable agriculture.

Herbicides: Major classes of herbicides and important herbicides. Fate of herbicides.

Fungicides (Inorganic): Classification of fungicides. Mode of action of Bordeaux mixture and copper oxychloride. 4, _ Fungicides (Organic and Systemic); Organic fungicides – Mode of 4 action of Dithiocarbamates (Zineb and Maneb), and systemic fungicides (Benomyl, Carboxin, Oxycarboxin, —Metalaxyl, Carbendazim) and their use.

Insecticides: Introduction and classification of insecticides: Inorganic and organic (Organochlorine, Organophosphates, Carbamates, Synthetic Pyrethroids, Neonicotinoids, Biorationals).

Insecticides – Regulations and Fate: Insecticide Act and Rules, banned and restricted insecticides. Fate of insecticides in soil and plant.

Biopesticides and Reduced Risk Insecticides: IGR, biopesticides, reduced-risk insecticides, botanical, plant, and animal systemic insecticides—characteristics and uses.

Fertilizers (Introduction): Importance of fertilizers in agriculture. Types of fertilizers.

Nitrogenous Fertilizers: Feedstock and properties of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate nitrate, ammonium chloride, urea, sodium nitrate. Slow release nitrogen fertilizers.

Phosphatic Fertilizers: Feedstock and properties of single superphosphate, concentrated superphosphate, enriched superphosphate, nitric (or nitro) phosphate, ammonium phosphate, urea ammonium phosphate, ammonium phosphate sulphate, ammonium phosphate nitrate, ammonium _ polyphosphate, ammonium metaphosphate, preparation of bone meal and basic slag. II. Potassic Fertilizers: Natural sources of potash and properties of 2 potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, and potassium nitrate.

Mixed and Complex Fertilizers Sources and compatibility of mixed and_complex_ fertilizers. Preparation of major, secondary and micronutrient mixtures. Properties of ammonium phosphates, nitrophosphates, and NPK complexes, customized and speciality fertilizers.

Fertilizer Control and Marketing: Fertilizer control order, logistics, and marketing of fertilizers.

Plant Bio-pesticides for Ecological Agriculture: Plant bio- pesticides for ecological agriculture, bio-insect repellents.

Overview of fertilizers and pesticides. Introduction to their role and importance in agriculture.

Techniques and methods of sampling fertilizers and pesticides for analysis.

Study of various pesticide application appliances (sprayers, spreaders, etc.).

Methods for identifying common fertilizers using quick field tests

Techniques for identifying anions and cations in fertilizers.

Calculation of correct insecticide doses based on application rates T and crop area.

Identification and analysis of various insecticide formulations available in the market.

Laboratory estimation of nitrogen content in urea using standard methods.

Methodology for estimating water-soluble and citrate soluble P205 in single super phosphate.

Estimation of potassium content in Muriate of Potash (MOP) and Sulphate of Potash (SOP) using flame photometry. 1 Estimation of sulphur content in sulphur fungicides 1

Visit of manufacturing factory of fertilizer’ pesticide’ insecticide/ weedicide/ herbicide