Indian heritage of ancient agriculture: History and importance of T natural farming in view of climate change, soil health, water use carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, food security and nutritional security and sustainable development goals (SDGs)

Concept, definition, objectives, essential characteristics and principles of natural farming; Scope and importance of natural farming

Main pillars/ components of natural farming

Methods/types/schools of natural farming; Characteristics and design of a natural farm

Concept of ecological balance, ecological engineering and community responsibility in natural versus other farming systems; Introduction to concept of ecological, water, carbon and nitrogen foot prints

Concept and evaluation of ecosystem services; Integration of crops, trees and animals, cropping system approaches

Biodiversity; Indigenous seed production; Farm waste recycling; Water conservation and renewable energy use approaches on a natural farm

Rearing practices for animals under natural farming

Nutrient management in natural farming and their sources

Insect, pest, disease and weed management under natural farming 1 Mechanization in natural farming 1

Processing, labelling, economic considerations and viability; Certification and standards in natural farming; Marketing and export potential of natural farming produce and products

Initiatives taken by Government (central/state), NGOs and other organizations for promotion of natural farming and chemical free agriculture 14, Case studies and success stories in natural farming and chemical 1 free traditional farming

Entrepreneurship opportunities in natural farming

Visit of natural farm and chemical free traditional farms to study the various components and operations of natural farming principles at the farm

Indigenous technical knowledge (ITK) for seed, tillage, water, nutrient, insect-pest, disease and weed management

On-farm inputs preparation methods and protocols

Studies in green manuring in-situ and green leaf manuring

Studies on different types of botanicals and animal urine and dung based non-aerated and aerated inputs for plant growth, nutrient, insect and pest and disease management

Weed management practices in natural farming

Techniques of Indigenous seed production- storage and marketing

Partial and complete nutrient and financial budgeting in natural farming

Evaluation of ecosystem services in natural farming (Crop, Field and System).