Introduction to Natural Resources: Concept of resources, classification of natural resources, factors influencing resource availability, distribution, and uses.

Interrelationships of Natural Resources: Interrelationships among different types of natural resources, concerns on productivity issues, ecological, social, and economic dimensions. Land Resources: Land as a resource, dry land, land use 3 classification, land degradation, man-induced landslides, soil erosion, desertification.

Landscape Impact Analysis & Wetland Ecology: Landscape impact analysis, wetland ecology, and management.

Water Resources: Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams—benefits and problems.

Water Ecology and Management: Water ecology and management.

Energy Resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non- renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources. Resource Management Paradigms: Resource Management 3 Paradigms.

Resource Conflicts: Resource extraction, access, and control systems

Approaches in Resource Management: Ecological approach, economic approach, ethnological approach, implications of these approaches

Integrated Resource Management Strategies: Integrated resource management strategies.

Introduction to Soil and Water Conservation: Introduction to soil and water conservation, causes of soil erosion, definition and agents of soil erosion.

Forms of Water Erosion: Water erosion, types of water erosion, gully classification, and control measures.

Soil Loss Estimation and Measurement: Soil loss estimation by universal soil loss equation, soil loss measurement techniques.

Principles of Erosion Control: Principles of erosion control, contouring, strip cropping, contour bunds, graded bunds, bench terracing.

Wind Erosion and Control Measures: Mechanics of wind erosion, types of soil movement, principles of wind erosion control, and control measures.

Water Harvesting Techniques: Water harvesting techniques, lining of ponds, tanks, and canal systems.

Overview of natural resources, types, and their importance in agriculture.

Introduction to survey principles and techniques for measurement

Techniques for using a chain survey for accurate area measurement.

Demonstration of GPS technology for tracking and area measurements. 3 Understanding soil erosion, and calculating the erosion index using I different methods.

Introduction to leveling in agriculture, and its use in land preparation.

Understanding and preparing contour maps for land use planning.

Concept of vegetative waterways and how to design grassed waterways for erosion control.

Understanding the impact of wind erosion and how to estimate its effect.

Study of different types of irrigation pumps, their uses, and construction differences.

Design aspects, construction, and management of farm ponds for water conservation.

Farm Pond Site Visit-Practical exposure to an existing farm pond and its design features.

Visit to an erosion-prone site for hands-on understanding of erosion management

Practical exposure to land use classification, techniques like strip cropping and contour bunding for erosion control